BRT Governance and Challenges - A case of Indian cities
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Rapid urbanisation in India has led to its urban population increasing from 286 million to 377 million between 2001 and 2011. This has resulted in an urban sprawl in large cities and increase in the number of million plus cities by more than 4 times from 12 cities in 1981 to 53 cities in 2011. Rapid urbanisation has also translated into an accelerated demand for infrastructure, jobs, housing and travel, for eg. vehicle ownership has almost doubled between 2001 and 2011. Increasing motorization coupled with longer trip lengths due to urban sprawl is also leading to Indian cities facing severe congestion and escalating energy requirements. Early efforts for managing urban transport issues were mainly focused towards enhancing road capacities. Not much emphasis was given to bus services which slowly suffered a decline in service quality. This led to a shift away from public transport to personalised modes and intermediate public transport modes.
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